Position #508 – Probable Maximum Precipitation Standards
WHEREAS, National Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) standards for extreme rainfall have long been used for the design and regulation of infrastructure including dams, roads and bridges, as well as thermal power facilities; and are used to promote consistency between federal and state agencies, as well as the private sector professional design community; and
WHEREAS, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service (NWS) first developed methodologies for estimating PMP standards in the 1940s, using historic data available at that time, and applied them across the United States through hydrologic and hydrometeorological studies and reports between 1961 and 1999; and
WHEREAS, Federal leadership is again needed to update these standards; and
WHEREAS, state dam safety programs have developed statutes, rules and guidance documents for the design of facilities that are typically based on these federal standards and studies; and
WHEREAS, while some states have changed their statutes to allow for the use of new methodologies provided by entities outside the federal government, many state dam and safety programs continue to use these outdated reports and standards, finding the change too difficult to attempt; and
WHEREAS, decades of storm event data (the basis for calculating the standards) have been recorded since the existing standards were published, but these have never been officially updated to include new methods, technologies, and more recent storm data; and
WHEREAS, funding and explicit direction for NOAA to update PMP standards were not included in the FLOODS Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-316); and
WHEREAS, inconsistencies between minimum design criteria of adjacent states and between federal and state design/performance expectations within states are increasing; and
WHEREAS, the Association of State Dam Safety Officials prepared a 2023 report1 on the number of high hazard potential dams with a rating of less than satisfactory, and the estimated cost to repair or rehabilitate them; and
WHEREAS, consistent and standardized PMPs and modern methodologies are needed for the design and repair of spillways at high-hazard potential dams rated unsatisfactory in order to ensure the highest level of public safety; and
WHEREAS, the 2018 Colorado-New Mexico Regional Extreme Precipitation Study2 (REPS) included state-of-the-practice updates to existing methodologies using NOAA research and high-resolution operational tools for prediction of extreme rainfall; and
WHEREAS, the REPS study – reviewed by a board of subject matter experts from numerous federal agencies – demonstrated possible approaches to updating extreme precipitation estimates at a national scale and also included research and recommendations for climate change considerations.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Western States Water Council supports NOAA leading federal efforts toward developing 21st century national PMP standards for estimating extreme rainfall in order to provide consistent requirements for ensuring public safety; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Western States Water Council recommends Congress address this issue and authorize and fund necessary steps to update federal PMP standards, including a National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) study of the current state of the practice and options for extreme rainfall estimation, in order to provide NOAA clear direction toward development of 21st century national standards for estimating extreme rainfall (including PMP).
Revised and Readopted
(see former Position No. 459, March 25, 2021)
2 https://spl.cde.state.co.us/artemis/nrmonos/nr5102p412018internet/